The oxygen sensor gives a signal to the computer showing the engine is running in either a rich or lean state and is useful in setting the air/fuel ratio to the right level, a low voltage signal indicates that there is too much oxygen in the exhaust (lean condition), and a high voltage signal indicates that there is not enough oxygen (rich condition). Oxygen sensors normally screw into the exhaust manifold or pipes and some models have heated sensors so that the closed loop can be reached more quickly. To test a heated sensor, unplug it then measure the resistance between the PWR and GND terminals, a reading between around 6 ohms at 68°F (20°C) is an indication of a good heater element. When the sensor is connected and the engine is on the voltage must be varied between 0.01-1.1 volts. With a non-heated sensor one should turn the engine to a running idle and run a voltmeter between the sensor and a good ground and a 4,500 rpm running engine should show about 0.7V, increases and decrease in engine speed should cause voltmeter to read between specifications of 0.5V-1.0V and 0V-0.4V respectively. To replace the sensor, disconnect the negative battery cable, lift the car on jackstands, and unplug the oxygen sensor to the engine control wiring, penetrating oil is required. To install, unscrew the sensor, then to remove, remove the sensor and insert in the mounting boss, screw on 27-33 ft. lbs. (37-45 Nm), reconnect the electrical wiring, lower the vehicle and reconnect the negative battery cable.