It is easier and cleaner to work on a disassembled engine, but pistons and connecting rods can be removed in the car after disassembling the cylinder head and oil pan, though an engine must be removed in the event that the crankshaft is to be removed as well. Every component should be kept in order, such as bearings and caps and caps should be labeled to be installed in the same place. Thrust bearings are positioned on the rear main on most engines, and should be removed with a puller, and in some specific engines the thrust bearings are at other mains. Thrust washers should not be lost or confused and when changing the crankshaft, they should use a stand to invert the engine. Once the engine or engine/transaxle assembly has been removed, the flywheel/flexplate and oil pump must be removed followed by the main bearing caps, bearings, and crankshaft. All the pipes of the piston, connecting rod and connecting rod cap are to be marked to be installed back and the crankshaft must be rotated until the piston to be removed is at the bottom of the cylinder. A ridge should be checked on the upper part of the cylinder wall, and a ridge reamer used, in the event of its presence. Road nuts to be connected should be loosened and tapped till the top is free and rubber hose applied to cushion the threads of the bolts during removal. This should be done by tapping upwards to the piston and connecting rod assembly until the piston rings clear off the cylinder block and the same procedure should be done to other pistons should they be involved. One must examine the top deck of the block to ensure that it is not distorted in any way, examine cracks or wetness that might show signs of coolant leakage. Diameters of cylinder should be checked and in case of any variation more than that which is specified, there is a possibility of having to do some boring and oversize pistons. Oscillation torque of the rod must also be checked and in case pressure necessary to press the pin of piston is lower than desired then synthesized, the piston pin or connecting rod must be changed. During measurements of piston diameter it is necessary to ensure that the thrust direction is measured, and the piston rings are removed without interchanging them. Pistons should be well cleaned and connecting rods checked to see whether they are straight. The measurement of the piston pin and hole diameters should take place, and the out-of-round should be replaced. A Ridge on top of the cylinder bore must be inspected before the piston is removed and in cases where they are severe, should be removed using a ridge reamer. Honing is preferably done when the crankshaft is out and honing procedure must be followed as per the instructions of the manufacturer. The bores of the cylinder must then be cleaned up, the pistons and rods fitted together in correct order and lubricated. The compression rings and oil control ring must be put in place with care that gaps are staggered. Cylinder bore, shaft journal and crankshaft journal are to be clean during installation and the crankshaft journal is to be positioned appropriately. The piston and connecting rod assembly are to be inserted in the cylinder bore in right direction and the ring compressor is to be utilized to facilitate a smooth installation. Once we have checked that it fits in correctly with Plastigage, the connecting rod cap must be fitted and torqued and the crankshaft turns freely. It is recommended that the distance between connecting rod and crankshaft should be measured and necessary adjustments or replacements should be done. This has to be carried out with any other pistons.