The oxygen sensor measures exhaust gases prior to their being flowing through the
Catalytic Converter, and subsequent models had a subsequent sensor to aid in efficiency comparison by the PCM. The sensor produces a voltage signal that ranges between 0.1 volts (lean mixture) and 0.9 volts (rich mixture) to enable the PCM adjust the air/fuel mixture ratio preferably keeping the ratio at 14.7 parts air to 1 part fuel to achieve optimum emissions control. The sensor is not voltaged until it reaches about 600 degrees F at which point the PCM is used in open loop. In case the voltage of the main sensor does not reach 0.70 volts in higher RPMs when the engine is warmed up, a Code 15 is programmed. To ensure proper operation of a sensor, clean electrical connections, free air supply, proper operating temperature and use of unleaded fuel are also vital. When servicing, care should be taken not to damage the attached pigtail and electrical connector, to keep contaminants off and the silicone boot properly in place. To replace it, one may recommend first warming the engine to facilitate the extraction of the sensor, then disconnecting the negative battery terminal, then raising the vehicle and then disconnecting the electrical connector, remove the sensor, apply anti-seize paste to the threads, install and tighten the new sensor, then reconnect the electrical connector, then lower the vehicle then reconnect the negative battery terminal.