The part that increases the 12 volts from the battery to tens of thousands is the Mazda 323 Ignition Coil that enables a spark to jump the plug gap and ignite the mixture of fuel and air. The shell is made of plastic or epoxy, inside of which is an iron core, a heavy primary winding, and a much finer secondary winding. As the current passes across the primary side, a magnetic field is generated, and the moment the ECU or breaker points are opened the field collapses and forces a surge of current into the secondary winding, which is 15,000 to 40,000 volts; the energy then passes through the high tension lead or directly to the plug. Early Mazda hatchbacks applied a single coil to energize a distributor, thus a single voltage path was applied by all the cylinders. The design was modified later to an Ignition Coil pack on subsequent models of the 323 which accommodated two or more coils, emitting paired sparks in a waste spark pattern and reducing the part count. New versions of Mazda have Coil-on-Plug units that can be found immediately above each spark plug, which shorten the path the charge takes and eliminate the use of long wires. Coil packs and COP designs reduce energy losses, enhance idle quality, and reduce the risk of misfire compared to the older design due to the smaller number of plugs served per Ignition Coil and the lower heat exchange. It may still overwork any Mazda coil with age, high resistance, and widened plug gaps, still causing rough running, but rapid resistance checks or scope traces will diagnose the weak Ignition Coil before performance declines.
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