The Mazda 3 Crankshaft Position Sensor is designed to be the timekeeper of the engine and approximates crank rotation to ensure that the electronic control unit discharges the spark and injects fuel at the optimal moment. Fitted close to the flywheel or main pulley, it looks through a toothed wheel as it passes and will send each pulse as data to the powertrain computer, which in turn also controls ignition advance, fuel volume, idle speed, and even start-up synchronization. In modern Mazda engines the unit is sealed against heat and oil splash to minimize corrosion and vibration damage, which can result in stalling or no-start complaints when the engine is hot. The earlier Mazda 3 vehicles depended primarily on inductive units, which produce an alternating current as teeth pass over a magnetic core, and newer models introduced Hall effect and magnetoresistive devices, which detect static magnetic fields to give a razor-sharp edge but require a clean environment, as well as optical types, which illuminate a slotted disc with light to sense edges. The major distinction is the generation of the signal, where inductive sensors are passive and straightforward, Hall and magnetoresistive sensors are digital with clarity of their signal, and optical sensors have the great resolution but the great dirt sensitivity. The computer is usually informed of the next piston to fire by the separate slots or teeth on a wheel that are teeth apart. In case of failure of the Crankshaft Position Sensor due to heat, vibration, or water, drivers can experience rough idle, misfires, slow acceleration, or engine malfunction. Protective potting and strengthened connectors are added to modern Mazda 3 designs to increase the life of the Crankshaft Position Sensor.
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