The Mazda 3 Ignition Coil transforms the somewhat meager 12 volts of the battery into a ruthless 15,000-40,000-volt burst to allow the spark plugs to ignite fuel without any hesitation. It is a kind of transformer between the low-voltage primary circuit and the high-voltage secondary circuit whereby a pair of copper windings are wrapped around an iron core and all are enclosed in heat-resistant epoxy. As the current passes through the larger primary winding, it generates a magnetic field, and the moment the ECU interrupts the flow the collapsing field causes the charge to jump across the enormous number of thousands of turns of the smaller secondary winding and deliver energy to the plugs. Early Mazda models were based on a single distributor-fed design, and recent Mazda models have a dual-coil waste-spark design firing two cylinders per revolution with one receiving a harmless waste-spark. The new Mazda models fit a single coil on every plug, a coil-on-plug design eliminating high-tension leads, sharpening timing, and enhancing efficiency, and the same construction is applied in current generation 3 models. Insulation can be cracked by heat, vibration, or over-resistance in old wires and enlarged gaps in plugs resulting in misfires, rough idle operation, and an active warning light. Resistance can be checked with a meter or by looking at the patterns on a scope; a weakened Ignition Coil is immediately identified and replacing an open Ignition Coil will make the power and fuel economy smooth again.
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